Categories: Integration ManagementProcess Flow

How to remember ITTOs of Project Integration Management?

How to remember ITTOs of Integration management? ITTO is an acronym that stands for Inputs, Tools and Techniques, and Outputs.

Do we need memorize ITTOs for all the 49 project management processes included in PMBOK Guide, Sixth Edition? I believe it’s a never ending debate, ever since the PMBOK Guide and PMP certification examination came into existence.

Should you memorize them all? Why not? If you can memorize ITTOs for all the 49 processes, please go ahead by all means. If you can memorize them all, it is NOT necessary for you to read the rest of this article. This article is written with an aim to help those candidates who cannot memorize all the ITTOs.

To be honest, there was a possibility to memorize ITTOs until PMBOK Guide Fourth Edition or even until PMBOK Guide Fifth Edition. I personally feel, PMBOK Guide Sixth Edition has certainly made it near impossible to memorize ITTOs. The sheer number of inputs, tools and techniques and outputs for each process would certainly be beyond normal humans’ capability to memorize them.

Is there a way out? How can I remember the ITTOs?

The only way out, in my opinion, is to understand what is happening in each process. Then, try to use logic, common sense and your project management experience to figure out what could be the appropriate ITTOs for a given process.

In this attempt, I found the approach of drawing the process flow of each knowledge area helps very much in understanding and remembering the Inputs and Outputs.

I have given the process flow for Project Integration Management below. I have included ONLY the major inputs and outputs, so that it is easier to understand rather than complicating it too much. Please note that it does NOT include ALL inputs and outputs. I have included only those inputs and outputs, which I felt as important.

Process Flow for Project Integration Management

My advice to you is to draw the above process flow diagram yourself. You might choose to include more inputs and outputs; or even some of the tools and techniques. It would help your mind to map the inputs, tools and techniques and outputs to the processes; and you would not forget it.

Tips to remember ITTOs in Project Integration Management

This may not be an exhaustive list. But, I am just giving you some of the tips which I think would be useful to you.

Organizational Process Assets is an input to all the 7 processes of Project Integration Management.
Expert Judgment is a Tool & Technique used in all the 7 processes of Project Integration Management.
Enterprise Environmental Factors is an input to 6 processes of Project Integration Management (the only exception is Close Project or Phase process).
Once Project Management Plan is developed in 4.2 Develop Project Management Plan process, it becomes an input to all the remaining 47 processes in this knowledge area. Only Develop Project Charter process does not involve project management plan, neither as an input nor as an output.
Change requests is an output of 24 processes; but it is an input only to one process.
Change requests can be an input only to Perform Integrated Change Control. It means, wherever a change request is generated, it will be sent to Perform Integrated Change Control process for further review.
Approved change requests can be an output of only Perform Integrated Change Control process. None of the other 48 processes can have Approved change requests as an output. This is obvious because all change requests generated in the project have to be reviewed only through the Perform Integrated Change Control process. So, only this process can approve change requests.
For all Monitoring & Controlling processes, change requests is an output; the only exception is Perform Integrated Change Control. In this process, change requests is an input and Approved change requests is an output.

Conclusion

What is your approach to remember ITTOs in Project Integration Management? Do you think the above approach is good? Do you have any other tips you want me to include in the above list?

Would you be interested in similar process flow charts for other knowledge areas too?

Share your opinions, comments and criticism in the comments below.

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View Comments

Prantik Nag says:

September 9, 2020 at 8:32 pm

Thank you!! This is a really helpful in understanding the flow and the ITTOs. Thanks!
Geoffrey says:

August 16, 2020 at 12:30 pm

Hi,

The material was quite informative.

Looking forward to more of similar exercises. Many thanks.

regards

Geoff
Nindi says:

July 21, 2020 at 11:11 pm

Does stakeholder does not require process flow, i can not find it on your post, just 9 of total 10 knowledge area.
Thank you
- Manickavel Arumugam says:
  
  July 27, 2020 at 11:17 am
  
  Of course, there is a process flow. I have not posted it. Will try to do it.
Vijay S says:

January 27, 2020 at 4:29 pm

Thanks Manickavel
Flow chart is nice. But is it really required to Remember ITTO's?
- Manickavel Arumugam says:
  
  January 27, 2020 at 6:09 pm
  
  I would put it this way "you do not need to memorize the ITTOs". But, you should be able to know the major outputs from each process. For example, if I am doing Sequence Activities process, I should know that I am actually creating the schedule network diagram. The next question I would ask myself is: where schedule network diagram goes as an input? Then, I know that Develop Schedule takes it as an input.
  
  Likewise, it is important to understand the entire flow of the 49 processes. That is the purpose of the flow charts.
  - Zafar Abbas says:
    
    March 21, 2020 at 4:46 am
    
    Manic, This is a great series. Thank you for sharing. The stakeholders know;edge area is missing. Do you have any plans to share that too?
    - Manickavel Arumugam says:
      
      March 21, 2020 at 7:43 am
      
      Thanks Zafar.
      
      Yes, stakeholder management is pending for a long time. Unable to do it yet. Not sure how fast I can do it.
Madhav says:

September 19, 2019 at 1:30 pm

Thanks for the clarification
Madhav says:

September 16, 2019 at 4:25 pm

Hi,

In the point 4 mentioned above by you "Only Develop Project Charter process does not involve project management plan, neither as an input nor as an output." , But as per PMBOK6, I could see Project Charter as Input to Develop Project Mgmt Plan. Kindly clarify. Did I misunderstood some thing ?
- Manickavel Arumugam says:
  
  September 17, 2019 at 10:48 am
  
  Madhav, my point is:
  1. Project management plan is not an input to the Develop Project Charter process and
  2. Project management plan is not an output of the Develop Project Charter process.
  
  Develop project charter is the only process where you do not have any reference to the project management plan. All the other 48 processes will involve project management plan.
Sarita says:

September 13, 2018 at 3:26 am

Dear Manickavel,

You made it really easy to understand. It's very helpful.
Pls keep sharing. Really Appreciate.

Thanks,
Sarita
- Manickavel Arumugam says:
  
  September 14, 2018 at 5:30 pm
  
  Thanks Sarita for your feedback..
  - Sarita says:
    
    September 15, 2018 at 6:17 pm
    
    Hi Manickavel ,
    
    How abt the rest 3 knowledge Areas - Risk, Proc & Stakeholders.
    
    Are you publishing that soon ?
    
    Regards,
    Sarita
    - Manickavel Arumugam says:
      
      September 15, 2018 at 6:45 pm
      
      Busy with the training schedule Sarita. Will try to update them at the earliest.
Arunkumar Wesley Doddi says:

May 28, 2018 at 10:22 am

Dear Manickavel,

Waiting for your other KA's ? Please post them as these are useful.

Thanks.
Arun Wesley says:

May 2, 2018 at 1:56 pm

Thank you for simplyfying please add the other KAs too.
- Manickavel Arumugam says:
  
  May 2, 2018 at 7:32 pm
  
  Thanks Arun. I have already posted the process flow diagrams for five knowledge areas.
  
  I am working on the remaining five knowledge areas. Busy with training schedule this week. Will try to post them soon.
viswanath malayathi says:

April 12, 2018 at 8:10 pm

Dear Manickavel,

I like your representation of flows on Integration, scope and schedule. I am waiting to see your posts for other Knowledge Areas as well. I appreciate your work.

Thanks,
Viswa
- Manickavel Arumugam says:
  
  April 13, 2018 at 3:32 am
  
  Thanks Viswa. I am glad that you liked the process flow diagrams. The process flow diagrams for other knowledge areas will be available soon. Stay tuned.